RESUMO
In 1960 about 72,000 Guyanese schoolchildren, aged five to fifteen years, were divided into three similar groups, one of which acted as a control and was given tetanus toxoid, the second was given an acetone-killed typhoid vaccine, and the third a heat-killed-phenolised typhoid vaccine. Two subcutaneous doses of 0.5ml. of reconstituted vaccines were given five weeks apart. An additional 10,000 children received one dose only. The incidence of typhoid fever, diagnosed by the bacteriological isolation of Salmonella typhi, was followed for seven years after vaccination. In those given two doses, 146 cases of typhoid occurred in the control group and 16 and 49 in the acetone and heat-phenol typhoid vaccine groups, showing protection-rates of 88 percent and 65 percent , respectively. In those given one dose of vaccine the protection was somewhat greater, 22 cases occurring in the control group and 1 and 4 in the groups given acetone and heat-phenol vaccines, respectively. Protection showed little diminution until the fifth year after vaccination. (Summary)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Vacinas Tíficas-Paratíficas/administração & dosagem , Febre Tifoide/prevenção & controle , Acetona/farmacocinética , Guiana , Esquemas de Imunização , Injeções Subcutâneas , Fenóis/farmacocinética , Preservação Biológica , Febre Tifoide/diagnósticoRESUMO
Owing to the ribbon-like housing developments in the inhabited coastlands and riverain areas it is not, at present, with the exception of Georgetown, economically feasible to deliver piped water to houses. Because of the long distances which must be travelled in order to transport water for drinking and domestic purposes and because the high iron content of many artesian wells which renders such water impalatable, recourse is often had to water from doubtful but more accessible sources. Many householders use the absolute minimum amount requisite for survival. Thirty-two per cent of the artesian wells have also been found to be contaminated. These factors operate to make gastro-enteritis and colitis among the leading causes of death in British Guiana and account for the comparitively high incidence of typhoid fever (AU)
